|
ERA |
PERIOD |
E
P
O
C
H
|
A
G
E
|
T
I
M
E
|
STAGE/GROUP |
STRATIGRAPHIC
UNIT (INDUSTRY)
|
KEY
FORAMS
|
|
C
E
N
O
Z
O
I
C
|
Q
U
A
T
E
R
N
A
R
Y
|
H
O
L
O
C
E
N
E
|
H
O
L
O
C
E
N
E
|
P
R
E
S
E
N
T
T
O
12K
YBP
|
HOLOCENE
|
ALLUVIUM
|
NA
|
|
P
L
E
I
S
T
O
C
E
N
E
|
C
A
L
A
B
R
I
A
N
|
12K
YBP
TO
2.8
MM
YBP
|
WISCONSONIAN
ILLINOIAN
KANSAN
NEBRASKAN
|
(GLACIAL
DEPOSITS)
GULFPORT/LOESS
BILOXI/PRAIRIE
PRE-LOESS
|
Sangamon
Cris S
Lenticulina 1
|
|
T
E
R
T
I
A
R
Y
|
N
E
O
G
E
N
E
|
P
L
I
O
C
E
N
E
|
|
2.8
MM
YBP
TO
5.3
MM
YBP
|
CITRONELLE
|
CITRONELLE
|
Buliminella 1
Tex X
|
|
M
I
O
C
E
N
E
|
|
5.3
MM
YBP
TO
25
MM
YBP
|
FLEMING
|
LATE
|
Rob E
Big A
Cris K
Disc 12
Tex L
|
|
MIDDLE
|
Big 2
Tex W
Big Hum
Cris I
Cib Op
Amph B
Rob L
Camerina 1
|
|
EARLY
|
Cris A
Marg A
Siphonina D
Planulina P
Lenticulina H
Cris R
|
|
P
A
L
E
O
G
E
N
E
|
O
L
I
G
O
C
E
N
E
|
|
25
MM
YBP
TO
38
MM
YBP
|
CATAHOULA
|
ANAHUAC
|
Rob A
Disc G
Het
Cib Jeff
Bol Perc
Marg I
Marg Vag
Marg Howei
Text 14
Camerina A
Miogyp A
Cib Hazz
|
|
FRIO
|
Marg Tex
Bol Mex
Nonion Struma
Nodosaria B
Text S
Anomalina B
|
|
VICKSBURG
|
VICKSBURG
|
Text Warreni
Text Miss
Cib Pip
|
|
E
O
C
E
N
E
|
|
38
MM
YBP
TO
55
MM
YBP
|
JACKSON
|
YAZOO
MOODYS BRANCH
|
Marg C
Text H
Text D
Camerina MB
|
|
CLAIBORNE
|
YEGUA/COCKFIELD
COOK MOUNTAIN
SPARTA
CANE RIVER
TALLAHATTA
|
D Yeguaensis
E Yeguaensis
C Exima
Operc S
Anomalina B
Text S
Cyclammina C
Disc A
Bifarina B
|
|
WILCOX
|
CARRIZO
SABINETOWN
PENDLETON
MARTHAVILLE
|
Disc Wash
C Midwayensis
|
|
P
A
L
E
O
C
E
N
E
|
|
55
MM
YBP
TO
65
MM
YBP
|
|
MIDWAY
|
LOGANSPORT
PORTERS CREEK
|
Vag Rob
Vag Long
Vag Midwayana
Poly Cushmani
Vag G
Rob Pseudo
|
|
2nd Greatest Mass Extinction on Record
|
|
M
E
S
O
Z
O
I
C
|
C
R
E
T
A
C
E
O
U
S
|
U
P
P
E
R
|
|
S
E
N
O
N
I
A
N
|
65
MM
YBP
TO
99
MM
YBP
|
MAASTRICHTIAN
CAMPANIAN
SANTONIAN
CONIACIAN
TURONIAN
CENOMANIAN
|
SELMA/NAVARRO
EUTAW/OZAN
EAGLEFORD
UPPER TUSC
MARINE SHALE
LOWER TUSC
|
|
|
L
O
W
E
R
|
|
N
E
O
C
O
M
A
N
I
A
N
|
99
MM
YBP
TO
144
MM
YBP
|
ALBIAN
APTIAN
BARREMIAN
HAUTERIVIAN
VALANGINIAN
BERRIASIAN
|
WASH-FRED
PALUXY
MOORINGSPORT
FERRY LAKE
RODESSA
JAMES LIME
SLIGO
HOSSTON
|
|
|
J
U
R
A
S
S
I
C
|
U
P
P
E
R
|
|
L
I
A
S
|
144
MM
YBP
TO
154
MM
YBP
|
TITHONIAN
KIMMERIDGIAN
OXFORDIAN
|
COTTON VALLEY
HAYNESVILLE
BUCKNER
SMACKOVER
BROWN DENSE
NORPHLET
|
|
|
M
I
D
D
L
E
|
|
D
O
G
G
E
R
|
154
MM
YBP
TO
180
MM
YBP
|
CALLOVIAN
BATHONIAN
BAJOCIAN
AALENIAN
|
LOUANN
|
|
|
L
O
W
E
R
|
|
M
A
L
M
|
180
MM
YBP
TO
208
MM
YBP
|
TOARCIAN
PLIENSBACHIAN
SINEMURIAN
HETTANGIAN
|
WERNER
|
|
|
T
R
I
A
S
S
I
C
|
|
|
|
208
MM
YBP
TO
245
MM
YBP
|
RHAETIAN
NORIAN
CARNIAN
LADINIAN
ANISIAN
OLENEKIAN
INDUAN
|
EAGLE
MILLS
|
|
|
Greatest Mass Extinction on Record
|
|
P
A
L
E
O
Z
O
I
C
|
P
E
R
M
I
A
N
|
|
|
|
245
MM
YBP
TO
290
MM
YBP
|
TATARIAN
KAZANIAN
KUNGURIAN
ARTINSKIAN
SAKMARIAN
ASSELIAN
|
(ABSENT OR NOT
IDENTIFIED TO
DATE IN MAFLA
AREA EXCEPT
POSSIBLY
CERTAIN
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS IN THE
CORE OF THE
WIGGINS
ANTICLINE)
|
|
|
P
E
N
N
S
Y
L
V
A
N
I
A
N
|
C
A
R
B
O
N
I
F
E
R
O
U
S
|
|
|
290
MM
YBP
TO
325
MM
YBP
|
GZELIAN
KASIMOVIAN
MOSCOVIAN
BASKIRIAN
|
POTTSVILLE
|
|
|
M
I
S
S
I
S
S
I
P
P
I
A
N
|
|
|
325
MM
YBP
TO
360
MM
YBP
|
SEPUKHOVIAN
VISEAN
TOURNAISIAN
|
MILLERELLA
CARTER
SANDERS
BANGOR
EVANS
LEWIS
IOWA/TUSCUMBIA
FT. PAYNE
|
|
|
D
E
V
O
N
I
A
N
|
|
|
|
360
MM
YBP
TO
410
MM
YBP
|
FAMMENIAN
FRASNIAN
GIVETIAN
EIFELIAN
EMSIAN
PRAGHIAN
LOCKHOVIAN
|
CHATTANOOGA
SHALE
DEVONIAN
LIMESTONE
DEVONIAN
CHERT
|
|
|
S
I
L
U
R
I
A
N
|
|
|
|
410
MM
YBP
TO
440
MM
YBP
|
PRIDOLIAN
LUDLOVIAN
WENLOCKIAN
LLANDOVERIAN
|
PATTERSON
SAND
(MS BWB)
|
|
|
O
R
D
O
V
I
C
I
A
N
|
|
|
|
440
MM
YBP
TO
500
MM
YBP
|
ASHGILLIAN
CARADOCIAN
LLANDEILIAN
LLANVIRNIAN
ARENIGIAN
TREMADOCIAN
|
STONES RIVER
KNOX
|
|
|
C
A
M
B
R
I
A
N
|
|
|
|
500
MM
YBP
TO
540
MM
YBP
|
SUNWAPTAN
STEPTOAN
MARJUMAN
DELAMARAN
DYERAN
MONTEZUMAN
|
COPPER RIDGE
SHADY
|
|
|
P
R
O
T
E
R
O
Z
O
I
C
|
P
R
E
C
A
M
B
R
I
A
N
E
R
A
|
|
|
|
540
MM
YBP
TO
1.5
B
YBP
|
|
WEISNER
|
|
|
A
R
C
H
A
E
O
Z
O
I
C
|
|
|
|
1.5
B
YBP
TO
4.6
B
YBP
|
|
|
|
